This is a Category A project with proposed hydropower development in an ecologically sensitive and remote area with significant and diverse environmental and social risks. Key E&S issues and risks are: (a) Proposed SPV's systems to assess and manage E&S risks and impacts during the construction and operation phase, including contractor E&S management and safe working conditions; (b) Assurance of fair and safe labor and working conditions, challenges for local authorities in enforcing labor standards due to remoteness including Occupational health and safety (OHS) risks for workers engaged in high-risk activities. Increased risks of sexual harassment, exploitation, and abuse, particularly for women, girls, and vulnerable groups. (c) Pollution and hazards from large construction works (solid waste, air emissions, hazardous materials, water pollution). (d) Construction-induced hazards (landslides, blasting, tunneling, traffic) exacerbating health, safety, and security risks including emergency preparedness plan and response (e.g. explosion risk, dam safety etc). Strain on local infrastructure, rising living costs, and pressure on environmentally sensitive areas. Community health and safety risks, restricted access to resources, and increased competition due to labor influx (over 6,000 workers at peak), remote communities with low absorptive capacity, limited GBV service providers, and lack of local government capacity. Labor camps near vulnerable villages increase SEA/SH risks in the context of prevalent GBV and low help-seeking behavior. Health and safety impacts due to traffic and use of security forces; (e) resource efficiency, management and monitoring of air emissions, effluents, solid waste, and hazardous materials; (f) Land acquisition (approx. 18.23 acres) leading to physical and economic displacement of one household and economic displacement of about 50 households, mostly affecting agricultural livelihoods. Degradation of customs, intangible cultural heritage, and possible relocation or modification of cultural heritage sites. (g) Cumulative impacts from hydropower, infrastructure, industrial, and agricultural activities, compounded by climate change and natural hazards in the Kuri-Gongri Basin; (h) Disturbance of critical habitats and biological corridors due to construction, inundation, and hydro-peaking operations; and (i) effectiveness of the stakeholder engagement plan and community grievance mechanism.