Policy:
GAWPL has a Social Environment Health & Safety Policy, dated December 2013. This policy describes GAWPL’s commitment to conducting all their operations in compliance with the applicable laws, regulations, and international guidelines and best practices in order to meet their E&S contractual obligations to investors, lenders, customers and other relevant stakeholders. GAWPL also has Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, dated December 2013, which states GAWPL’s commitment to conduct its business in compliance with the GAWPL Social Environment Health & Safety Policy. As per the agreed ESAP, the signed policy will be displayed at the corporate office, the project operation site and at the website of the Company by January 31, 2015 (ESAP Action No. 1).
Identification of Risks and Impacts:
In 2009, the Company conducted an Initial Environmental Examination (“2009 IEE”) and obtained an environmental approval from the Sindh Environmental Protection Agency (“Sindh EPA”) on June 1, 2009. The Company obtained a further extension of this approval from Sindh EPA on December 24, 2012. In 2013, the Company retained an international environmental consulting firm (ERM) to perform a gap assessment of the 2009 IEE report and to update the IEE report to comply with IFC 2012 Performance Standards. The scope of updating the 2009 IEE included: (i) revisiting the E&S baseline data presented in the 2009 IEE report; (ii) updating impact assessment and mitigation measures; (iii) developing an Environmental and Social and Management Plan (“ESMP”); (iv) undertaking stakeholder mapping and developing management framework for stakeholder engagement and grievance redress, emergency preparedness and response, health and safety management, labor management, and community development / corporate social responsibility; (v) upgrading mitigation plan for flora and fauna; and (vi) developing framework for E&S monitoring and reporting. The updated IEE report (“2013 IEE Update”) was further supplemented with additional reports including the Shadow flicker Study conducted by ERM, and Stakeholder Engagement Plan prepared by Tekcellent (a local E&S consulting firm that worked with ERM on the 2013 IEE Update), both dated August 2014. All these reports were the basis of IFC’s review, and are disclosed as attachments of this ESRS.
Key E&S gaps identified by the 2013 IEE Update included formal E&S Management System (or “ESMS”) and linkages with subcontractors responsible during construction and operational phases, organizational structure of GAWPL for effective implementation of ESMS and linkage with EPC / O&M Contractors’ organizational structure, stakeholder engagement plan during the entire project lifecycle, addressing social and community health and safety impacts including any livelihood and land issues, staff accommodation, community health and safety issues during construction phase, shadow flicker and noise impact assessment, lack of attention with respe
ct to environmental, health and safety aspects in labor camps, cumulative impacts from the other wind farm projects in the same corridor, inadequate mitigation measures for flora & fauna in terms of site clearance, movement of vehicles, cutting of trees for fuel by laborers etc., lack of information on continuous plan of stakeholder engagement to ascertain the consultation activities that have taken place since 2009. All these were addressed in the 2013 IEE Update.
Cumulative Impacts:
Cumulative impacts were considered in the 2013 IEE Update for visual impacts, shadow flicker and noise, birds and bat collision, and social aspects. On the visual impacts, currently, the entire project area is semi-arid barren lands with rock outcrops and sparse vegetation. In total 11 wind farm projects are planned to be developed in the Jhimpir Wind Corridor, and the WTGs visible against the skylines are predicted to reduce the sense of remoteness or wilderness among the villagers and the travelers crossing the area. The distance between each WTGs, the color of the turbines towers and blades will play a role in the overall landscape quality. Due to the unavailability of the WTGs information of other future wind farm projects, adequate cumulative visual impacts could not be made in the 2013 IEE Update.
Shadow flicker cumulative impacts were assessed and evaluated as negligible in the 2013 IEE Update because most of the wind farms will be located more than 1 km south of the GAWPL site. Cumulative shadow flicker impacts of GAWPL and MPCL projects were also determined as negligible.
Noise cumulative impacts were assessed from GAWPL and MPCL projects and the cumulative impacts were evaluated as negligible during the day time, whereas during night time, the cumulative noise levels at one of the receptors (Qasim Burfet Goth) was predicted to be in the range of 46 to 48 dBA, slightly exceeding the night time noise criteria of 45 dBA, and therefore evaluated as minor. The Company, in coordination with MPCL, will conduct a periodical noise monitoring and implement additional noise attenuation measures (e.g. constructing noise barriers) in case of complaints received from the local population.
As described under PS6 section, the Keenjhar Lake Wildlife Sanctuary is about 15 km from the GAWPL project site. As recommended by the 2013 IEE Update, the Company initiated a detailed bird study to assess the Project’s impacts on birds. This will help in identifying whether the GAWPL project site lies in the route of migratory birds requiring potential WTGs operational mitigation measures such as turbine shut-off. Cumulative impacts of multiple wind farm projects on birds could not be assessed due to the unavailability of data on number, height and location of WTGs from other wind farms. For further information and the proposed approach by the Company, please see the paragraphs under PS6.
Associated Transmission Lines and Grid Stations:
NTDC
has a plan to expand the grid system of the project area so that the electricity generated from the wind farm projects being developed in the Jhimpir Wind Corridor can be transmitted to the national grid without delay. According to the latest grid connection scheme (Interconnection Schemes for Power Evacuation of 11 No. WPPs at Jhimpir Cluster and 6 No. WPPs at Gharo/Bhambore Cluster) obtained during the appraisal visit in July 2014, several new 220 kV and 132 kV transmission lines and two new grid stations are required to be developed. These transmission lines and grid stations are subject to Environmental Impact Assessment according to Pakistan Environmental Agency (Review of the IEE and EIA) Regulations, 2000. Some of these transmission lines and grid station(s) are considered as associated facilities which are needed for the successful implementation of the Project. The implementation of the EIAs is the responsibility of NTDC. Nevertheless, as per the agreed ESAP, the Company will monitor the progress of the EIAs for the identified associated facilities by keeping close contact with NTDC (ESAP Action No. 2).
Social Impacts – Villages in the Affected Area:
The 2013 IEE Update identified that the project site does not have any villages within the project site boundary, but there are six villages (Haji Lakhano Goth, Haji Walloo Goth, Murad Ali Chang, Muhib Chang Goth, Ragho Chang Goth and Allah Dino Chang Goth) that are located close to the project site boundary. Further it identified that a primary school of the Muhib Chang Goth and a mosque (Al-Makkah) fall within the GAWPL site boundary. Noise and shadow flicker assessment in the 2013 IEE Update covered all these receptors. Micro-setting of WTGs locations (as part of the energy assessment) was adjusted considering the sensitivity of nearness to the villages especially that of Haji Lakhano Goth, Haji Waloo Goth and Muhib Chang Goth.
The economic poverty, gender sensitivities, lack of essential infrastructure (e.g. health infrastructure, drinking water supply, vocational training, all-weather and motorable access roads), and the need to protect cultural norms from the influx of workers and job seekers from outside the project area, are important issues in the project area. The Company and the Sponsors took these into consideration when conducting the stakeholder engagement activities, and most recently when planning the stakeholder engagement meeting of June 2014. The IEE approval of 2009 and its extension in 2012 issued by Sindh EPA clearly stated “Benefits to local people will be offered under Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) policy, community development schemes will be decided in consultation with local communities and may be facilitated by involving direct/local Government Office.” The Sponsors have been providing support to the local communities since 2009, and as per the agreed ESAP, The Company will update the CSR activities based on the recommendations of
the 2013 IEE Update (ESAP Action No. 3).
Management Programs:
As part of the 2013 IEE Update, an Environmental and Social Management Plan (“ESMP”) was prepared as a consolidated list of mitigation measures and commitments from the impact assessment. The ESMP sets out the arrangements that will be put in place by the Project to manage the E&S performance of the GAWPL project, outlines further studies and surveys that are required to redefine predicted impacts and design appropriate mitigation strategies, describes the monitoring programs required to assess accuracy of predicted impacts and adequacy of mitigation strategies, and provides a framework for compliance auditing and inspection of the Project by the Company. To supplement the ESMP, the 2013 IEE Update included proposed framework management plans (Stakeholder Engagement Plan Framework, Construction Labor Management Plan Framework, Emergency Response and Preparedness Plan, and Health and Safety Management Plan Framework). In preparing the Stakeholder Engagement Plan, dated August 2014, these framework management plans were further updated to (i) Construction Labor Management Plan, (ii) Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan, and (iii) Health and Safety Management Plan.
Organizational Capacity and Competency:
During the construction period, GAWPL will have an EHS Manager and a Community Relationship Officer to manage ESMS implementation in coordination with the E&S team of the EPC Contractor (Nordex and Descon). The social issues will be looked after by the Community Relationship Officer who will report to the EHS Manager. The EHS Manager will in turn report to the CEO of GAWPL. During the operational period, Engineering and EHS Manager will be appointed reporting to CEO of GAWPL. This manager will coordinate the ESMS implementation in coordination with the O&M Contractor (also Nordex and Descon). A Community Relation Officer will be working under the Human Resources Department. As per the agreed ESAP, the Company will appoint these officers prior to the start of the construction, and operation (ESAP Action No. 4).
Emergency Preparedness and Response:
The Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan was prepared for the GAWPL project in August 2014. Various emergency scenarios (injuries, turbine incidents such as fire, over-speed, or debris separation, wind turbine runaway, and bomb threat) were considered and corresponding response details were prepared. This will be updated based on the final arrangement with the O&M Contractor.
Monitoring and Review
For each of potential E&S impacts and required mitigation measures identified, the ESMP that was prepared as part of the 2013 IEE Update provides timing and frequency of monitoring, responsibility for implementation of monitoring, and reporting requirements. GAWPL will form a system through which the Company can audit the implementation of ESMP, check the robustness of the ESMP, and introduce changes wher
e required and take corrective actions.