28130 - Kiwara Plc

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Environmental & Social Review Summary

Project Number

28130

Company Name

Kiwara plc

Date ESRS Disclosed

Apr 29, 2009

Country

Zambia

Region

Africa

Last Updated Date

Nov 30, 2016

Environmental Category

B - Limited

Status

Completed

Previous Events

Approved : Jun 20, 2009
Signed : Jun 29, 2009
Invested : Aug 27, 2009

Sector

Nickel

Industry

Metals and Mining

Department

Gbl Infrastructure & Natural Resources

Project Description

Kiwara Plc (“Kiwara” or the “Company”) is a London-based mineral exploration company focused on exploring and developing base metals deposits in Zambia. The Company is listed on London’s AIM (ticker: KIW) and Johannesburg’s JSE (ticker: KWR), with a market capitalization of approximately GB£34.0 million (US$49.5 million).

The Company, through its subsidiary Kiwara Resources (Zambia) Ltd (“Kiwara Zambia”), holds 80 % of Kalumbila Minerals Ltd (“KML”), with the remaining 20% being held by their Zambian partners, LM Engineering Ltd (15%) and Kashengeneke Enterprises Ltd (5%). KML holds Prospecting Licence 267 (the “License Area”) that is within an increasingly significant mining area that contains the new Kansanshi (First Quantum Minerals) and Lumwana (Equinox) copper mines. For the purposes of this report KML will be used in the sections below.

The Licence Area includes three deposits that have previously been drill-investigated – the Kalumbila Nickel-Cobalt-Copper deposit, the Kawako Nickel-Copper deposit, and the Kawanga Uranium deposit. Drill results indicate the presence of high grade nickel zones in excess of 1%. Kawanga was historically a uranium target area, but Kiwara is now pursuing it for base metal potential. Copper mineralization was discovered by a historic borehole intersecting 47m chalcopyrite.

At Kalumbila, the Company plans to produce an independent initial resource statement, complete a pre-feasibility study and if appropriate, progress to full feasibility study. At Kawako, the Company plans to complete strike drilling to extend the nickel discovery and to move forward to completing a scoping study. At Kawanga, the Company will initiate investigations of base metal showings.

Overview of IFC's Scope of Review

IFC specialists visited the Kalumbila Minerals Limited (KML) Project site from the 23rd to the 26th of March 2009, and met with key Sponsor representatives. Field visits were organized to the different target areas within the license area, namely; Kawako: Nickel-Copper deposit, and Kalumbila: Nickel-Cobalt-Copper deposit. A brief discussion was held with the Kalumbia workers whilst a community school (Musanda School) that Kalumbila Minerals is supporting was also visited and a brief discussion held with the Headmaster of the same school.

A Kalumbila Minerals Limited Environmental Project Brief prepared by KML and submitted to the Environmental Council of Zambia (ECZ) together with the approval letter from ECZ was received from Kiwara prior to the site visit and this document was reviewed. On arrival in Zambia, the IFC team was presented with a presentation booklet and the Sponsor team delivered a presentation of the project to the team before the site visits. A background information search, largely internet, was carried out by IFC covering Kiwara and the license area. The main objective was to identify and review any publicly available information that could be useful in the appraisal process.

E & S Project Categorization and Applicable Standard

While all Performance Standards are applicable to this investment, IFC’s environmental and social due diligence indicates that the investment will have impacts which must be managed in a manner consistent with the following Performance Standards:

- PS1: Social and Environmental Assessment and Management Systems
- PS2: Labor and Working Conditions
- PS3: Pollution Prevention and Abatement, and
- PS4: Community Health, Safety and Security,

The project is in its early stages and Kiwara is yet to produce an independent initial resource statement at Kalumbila whilst completing strike drilling to extend the nickel discovery at Kawako. Further the area is sparsely populated and the exploration drilling is not expected to trigger resettlement of any form. Thus, at this stage, Performance Standard 5: Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement does not apply. The area is well wooded (Miombo), with occasional Dambo clearings, and is largely pristine except for the few cleared areas for villages, roads and cultivation. However, at this exploration stage of the project Performance Standard 6: Biodiversity Conservation & Sustainable Natural Resource Management has not deemed to be triggered. No groups living in the project area of influence are identified as Indigenous Peoples for the purposes of PS 7. Thus, this Performance Standard does not apply. The area is generally sparsely populated although less so along the roads with habitations constructed of local materials and thatch or local fired bricks and, occasionally, with corrugated sheeting. No surveys have been completed of grave or cultural heritage locations. Therefore at this stage of the project Performance Standard 8: Cultural Heritage has not deemed to be triggered.

Environmental Health & Safety (EHS) Guidelines that are expected to be applicable to this investment include:

- General EHS Guidelines (April 2007), and
- Mining EHS Guidelines (December 2007).

This is a Category B project according to IFC’s procedures for Environmental and Social Review of Projects because the project involves exploration in an area that has previously been explored and regenerated from the previous activities and therefore has limited adverse impacts and risks which are manageable. The management of these risks consists of those associated with exploration activities, as IFC intends to invest in exploration and feasibility studies and these impacts can be addressed through generally recognized technology and procedures as is outlined below. KML subscribes to the IFC Policy and Performance Standards on Social and Environmental Sustainability. If any of the exploration sites is proposed for mining development, KML will prepare the environmental and social documentation required to demonstrate compliance with IFC Performance Standards and EHS Guidelines. Should IFC be involved in financing such a project, it would be treated as a separate investment and its categorization would be determined after the necessary due diligence.

Environmental and Social Mitigation Measures

PS1: Social and Environmental Assessment and Management Systems:

Social and environmental assessment: KML have not yet instituted environmental and social baseline studies: the project is still in its early stages as highlighted above. Preparations are however, in place to commence with environmental baseline data collection. In the meantime KML produced and submitted to ECZ an Environmental Project Brief in January 2008. The brief was approved in June 2008: reference ECZ/INS/101/4/1. The brief is a detailed Baseline Assessment for KML exploration activities only and will form the basis upon which a fully fledged Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) would be developed should the project progress to Bankable Feasibility Studies (BFS). Potential environmental and social impacts of the activities undertaken by KML are identified and tabulated, and for each impact, a series of mitigation and/or recommended actions are detailed and explained. All staff, especially field staff, must familiarize themselves with the tables prior to the commencement of any exploration activity. The environmental impact of the Company and the effectiveness of the Environmental Management Plan are subjected to continuous monitoring and review. Further baseline data monitoring requirements were discussed during appraisal and were well received by KML who made a commitment to initiate baseline data collection as the project progresses.

Drainage: Some surface rivers and streams in the project area flow across outcropping mineralization. The Kabompo River is the main drainage channel and runs southwards through the central part of the license. The soils are dominated by hydromorphic soils with low potential and unsuited to dry-land farming.

Flora and Fauna: The area is well wooded (Miombo), with occasional Dambo clearings, and is largely pristine except for the few cleared areas for villages, roads and cultivation; the prospecting camp has also resulted in an area being cleared for accommodation, recreation, ablutions, core storage etc. and small areas have also been cleared for drill rig access but the forest is busy reclaiming these areas. The old airstrip, cleared by Anglo, is being reclaimed from the forest. Anecdotal evidence of previous outsider exploitation and removal of certain hardwood species exists. Some charcoal burning is carried out. The local villagers do supplement their basic cultivation methods by collecting mushrooms and caterpillar, fishing and hunting (particularly birds). The area is historically a game management area but apparently no game has been seen in the area for a generation. Having said that, velvet monkeys have been spotted in the Kawako target area and the range map for one endangered species, Crocidura ansellorum (Ansell’s Shrew) appears to be within or proximate to License 267 and the issue merits follow-up. The locals also create tree mounted bee-hives for honey collection. The development of a mine would result in larger cleared areas but is most unlikely, due to the surrounding very large forested areas, to have a major overall ecological impact.

KML committed to engage an expert on biodiversity, flora and fauna should there be an indication that the project will develop further.

Management systems and training: Kiwara contracted a consultant with knowledge and experience in mine environmental management systems. The consultant guides the CEO who in turn makes sure that the Environmental Management Plan outlined in the environmental project brief is implemented through all line supervisors. The Exploration Geologist is responsible for the implementation of the management plan for exploration activities whilst the Camp Manager is responsible for implementation of the plan within the camp. The CEO maintains overall responsibility for E & S issues. The CEO attended IFC’s Environmental Update Training Programme in January 2008 in Johannesburg. This programme was also attended by other New Africa Mining Fund (NAMF) investee company representatives; IFC holds 7.9% of NAMF.

The environmental project brief is comprehensive and contains a lot of what IFC’s Health, Safety, Environment & Community (HSEC) Policy would normally include. Further, the Management Plan outlined in the project brief complies with current Zambian legislation, i.e. the Mineral Act. An HSEC Policy template was given to KML to allow them to align their project brief with the same and as a result KML will be developing and adding an environmental policy to their brief.

Organization: As an exploration company, KML does not yet have any E&S capacity, relying to date on consultants as highlighted above. This is not yet an issue on environmental matters as these can be easily managed via the Management Plan outlined in the project brief.

Environmental Policy: KML has not yet developed an Environmental Policy statement but has committed to developing one that will adhere to all applicable in-country environmental legislation as well as working within IFC’s Performance Standards (PS). A brief description of each one of the PSs was undertaken during the Environmental and Social Review Process; a hard copy and two electronic copies of the PSs were given to KML.

Monitoring: Baseline data collection has not commenced although KML have initiated the process to have a rain gauge on site as discussed above. The rain gauge will be a starting point to a plan that will include water quality sampling and a weather station.

Reporting: KML are not required by current legislation to report on the environmental and social aspects of their operations at this stage. However, government departments may visit the site from time to time and at the time of appraisal ECZ had been to site whilst labor, police and immigration representatives were scheduled to visit the site a day after the appraisal team left the site, i.e. Friday 27th. The Mine Safety Department was also expected to pay a visit at some stage of the project during exploration. It is important to note that in future, KML would be asked to submit a brief Annual Environmental & Social Monitoring Report (AMR) to IFC on an annual basis detailing environmental and social progress, incidents and monitoring, as appropriate.

PS2: Labor and Working Conditions:

Human Resources (HR): KML had a total of 46 employees on site at the time of the site visit. All 46 are local Zambian employees of which 41 come from the neighboring communities. The senior most local employee is the Project Geologist followed by three Geotechnical assistants and one Camp Manager whilst the rest are largely unskilled labor force. The CEO is the only expatriate operating between Lusaka and site. The current number of employees reflects a reduction due to scaling down of the project particularly drilling activities as a result of the global economic downturn. This reduction was reported to have been largely voluntary as individuals wanted to go and farm during the rainy season. Packages were worked out in line with in-country regulations where two days per calendar month were compensated for per every month worked after completion of the six months mandatory probation. It was also reported that the employees on their own accord arranged for job sharing when it was imminent that labor reduction was setting in.

Workers’ Organization: None of KML employees are unionized though KML does not discriminate against unions or collective bargaining. This was verified during a brief meeting with the workers on the 26th of March and the workers were aware of the Government Labor representative visit scheduled for the 27th, which would have presented them an opportunity to discuss any labor related issues with the authorities. The employees also confirmed satisfaction with communication between them and KML.

Non-Discrimination and Equal Opportunity: KML do not discriminate employees on the basis of e.g. age, disability, race or sex. At this stage of the project, however, KML employ more people from the local communities except where special skills are required such as exploration geology. National Identity Cards (IDs) are used to verify age at the time of engagement.

Occupational Health and Safety (OHS): At the time of appraisal, KML did not keep Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) incident reports as well as environmental incident reports. This was largely due to the fact that no significant incidents had been recorded since KML started the exploration program. KML will start recording all OHS and environmental incidents.

Safety talks are held almost on a daily basis before a task and recently HIV/AIDS talks are held with the Community Liaison Officer (CLO). Employees are provided with Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) annually.

KML provides private health insurance for individual employees down to the level of Geotechnical assistants.

Terms and Conditions of Service and Grievance Mechanism: KML has in place a Handbook that covers Terms and Conditions of Service and Grievance and Displinary Procedures. The Handbook is the basic policy document that defines the relationship between employees and the Employer, and guides employer – employee relationships. A copy of this Handbook is provided to each employee who upon receipt is expected to review same and sign a notice that he/she acknowledges his/her acceptance and understanding of the terms therein. The Handbook states that employees will be notified in writing of any subsequent changes or updates that may be made from time to time to the Handbook. At the time of appraisal KML had just hired an individual who amongst other functions will be looking after HR related issues.

A grievance procedure is clearly laid out in the Handbook and KML uses a standard contract drafted by a lawyer under the Zambian labor laws. All local unskilled employees currently have six month contracts and this will be reviewed in light of technical results this year.

It is further anticipated that, should the company expand and develop a mine, a full blown HR function would be developed in line with IFC Performance Standard 2.

PS3: Pollution Prevention and Abatement:

Solid Waste: KML demonstrates a full understanding of all of their waste streams (inventory) and the final disposal methods. The main solid waste includes, domestic and office waste, topsoil and vegetation from stripping for drilling purposes, sewage, plastic water bottles and other wastes as may subsequently be identified.

Liquid Waste: Includes mainly sewage effluent at the main Kalumbila exploration camp, storm-water runoff, used oil, grease, lubricants and drilling fluids from drilling activities, and other wastes as may subsequently be identified.

Waste Management System: Plastic water bottles are recycled and employees are given the first opportunity to collect them. All other domestic waste that cannot be recycled is “incinerated”. Waste for “incineration” is burned in an open fire in a shallow pit whilst the biodegradable waste is deposited at the same incineration site. The waste is then covered with soil from time to time. All vehicles except one are hired and none are serviced on site. It is important to note that at this stage of the project there is little waste produced.

A septic tank sewerage system with French drains is in place for handling sewage.

Topsoil and organic material from drilling sumps and pads stripping is stockpiled for use in the rehabilitation process as part of drill-hole closures.

Pollution Prevention (including Ambient Considerations):
As a standard operating procedure; there is no drilling within 50 meters of a stream or water channel and only biodegradable drilling fluids are used.

To reduce dust releases to air from the drilling activities, dust suppression water is used and continuous re-vegetation of non active drilling sumps and pads is implemented when drilling is complete.

Energy use: The electrical grid only goes as far as Lumwana thus there is no electricity at the camp. Power is therefore supplied from a Kirloskar 10 KVA 1 phase and 3 phase Genset which operates for an average 10hrs/day consuming 20 liters of fuel. Two small standby petrol generators are also on-site. Fuel for the Genset is currently stored in drums and even though a 5000 liter steel tank is on-site it is not being used. The plan is to get fuel supply in mobile leak protected tanks from Total.

Water Use: Water is pumped from a nearby river to a 2500 liter overhead tank for ablutions whilst storm-water runoff is diverted away from the camp via storm-water drains. The area experiences major precipitation in the rainy season (November to April) and water tables are close to the surface. Many local villages source their potable water from hand-pumped boreholes. The camp obtains its drinking water from one such borehole nearby and this is supplemented by bottled water.

Emergency Response and Preparedness Plan: KML have a well defined and comprehensive Emergency Response Plan and Procedures (ERP) covering the following:

- Exploration activities risk assessment
- Emergency Procedures
- Emergency Response Facilities
- Health issues
- Emergency Response and Safety Training, and
- Running Emergency exercise

The ERP is outlined in detail in the project brief.

PS4: Community Health, Safety and Security:

Surrounding Communities: KML’s license area cuts across three traditional villages namely; Chief Musele’s village, Chief Sailunga’s village and Chief Ntambu’s village. There is more activity within Chief Musele’s area as opposed to the other two. Services including health centers, schools and water are available. A good surfaced road from Solwezi leading to the west of the North-West Province passes approximately 40km from the site. The local national road which approaches to within a few kilometers from the camp is however in poor condition. Traffic on the road is currently very light but there is a long term risk of accidents if not with people then with animals. As mentioned above there is no regional electricity supply neither is there piped water or sanitation; “long-drops” are present in the villages. There is no local mobile phone network; communication is via satellite coverage. KML has identified the risk posed by mobile equipment to local communities and instituted a speed limit of 40km/hr: a written warning has been issued out for exceeding this limit.

The area is sparsely populated and the drilling ordinarily takes place in these less settled areas thus noise pollution is not an issue for the local communities.

Security Personnel Requirements: KML employs five security guards who work in pairs per shift; the fifth helps with rotation. The guards are not armed and there hasn’t been an incident involving security personnel and the community. The guards are mainly employed as deterrent against pilferage. Going forward, should the project develop into BFS and subsequently mining production KML will assess risks to those within and outside the project site posed by its security arrangements. KML will make reasonable enquiries to satisfy itself that those providing security are not implicated in past abuses, and will adequately train security personnel in the use of force (and where applicable, firearms) and appropriate conduct toward workers and the community. In addition a grievance mechanism to allow, among other issues, the affected community to express concerns about the security arrangements and acts of security personnel will be developed and disclosed to the local community.

Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan: Is covered under the ERP described above as there is a component of mobile equipment within the drilling activities. KML is in the process of rehabilitating an air strip in its license area. When complete the air strip will also provide access to Zambia Flying Doctors and this will extend the flying doctors capacity to respond to emergencies in this otherwise remote area.

Stakeholder Engagement

An informal introductory briefing with the three local chiefs was undertaken at the beginning of the project by KML representatives including the CEO. The Zambian JV partner (LM Engineering) is responsible for communicating with the local communities. The Project Geologist and the Camp Manager also interacts frequently with the local community. In addition to this, KML employs a CLO on a part time basis, i.e. 1 week a month.

Discussions and information feedback is given by the CEO to employees on a daily basis when he is on site. The CEO also meets with Chief Musele to keep him informed about the project and a vehicle was provided to the Chief for use by and benefit of the Musele community. The CEO regularly interacts with the Ministry of Mines in Lusaka particularly in regard to mining legislation. Interaction also takes place between KML representatives and the Ministry of North West Province and the Mwinilunga council plus all other relevant government departments as outlined above. The Zambian JV partners are also regularly informed.

As part of KML’s corporate social responsibility and coming out of the stakeholder engagement exercise, KML are building a classroom block for Musanda Community School. World Vision built the one block currently used by about 274 pupils. KML asked the community to mobilize and make bricks, whilst they (KML) provide the bricklayer and cement.

Displacement (Physical and Economic Displacement): The project is in its early stages and KML are yet to produce an independent initial resource statement at Kalumbila whilst completing strike drilling to extend the nickel discovery at Kawako. Further the area is sparsely populated and the exploration drilling is not expected to trigger resettlement of any form. However, discussions with KML indicated that should the project develop into mining production there could be a few households (few tens) that may have to be resettled. A specific study would then be undertaken to understand the extent of the operations and how the operations would affect the seasonal farmers after which compensation against assets would be worked out.

The land is owned by the government and managed by Traditional Chiefs who decide how it is used whilst the mineral rights fall under the president. There are no disputed land claims within the license area. The tribal social hierarchy under the chief is well established and there is no evidence currently of any inward migration from other areas. To the contrary youths are more likely to move, perhaps temporarily, to the larger towns such as Solwezi or the Copperbelt. A long term social plan cannot yet be developed.

The landuse is broadly defined as shifting/semi-annual cultivation system; cassava and maize are the main crops cultivated.

Client Documentation

File Name	Actions
Microsoft Word - Kiwara ESAP Description V01.pdf

**Information on IFC's Policy and Performance Standards on Environmental and Social Sustainability can be found at www.ifc.org/sustainability

IFC supports its clients in addressing environmental and social issues arising from their business activities by requiring its real sector clients to set up and administer appropriate grievance mechanisms and/or procedures to address complaints from Affected Communities in relation to environmental and social issues arising from IFC's clients' business activities. Since 2012, IFC's Financial Intermediary clients applying the Performance Standards are required to develop External Communications Mechanisms to receive and review inquiries or complaints from any interested party regarding the E&S risks and impacts of their operations.

For IFC projects that are active or under consideration, individual(s), or their authorized representative(s), who allege they have been or will be adversely affected by E&S risks or impacts arising from IFC's clients' business activities, may submit a complaint to IFC directly for consideration. When receiving an E&S complaint, IFC engages with complainants and works with its clients to find solutions to E&S concerns as quickly and efficiently as possible.

Complaints can be submitted to IFC online at www.ifc.org/escomplaints or by email to EScomplaints@ifc.org.

IFC complaint response is separate from and complementary to IFC’s clients’ project level grievance mechanisms and IFC’s Independent Accountability Mechanism (CAO). Lodging a complaint directly with IFC does not, at any time, restrict access to CAO.

Affected communities have unrestricted access to the Compliance Advisor Ombudsman (CAO), the independent accountability mechanism for IFC and MIGA. CAO facilitates the resolution of complaints related to IFC and MIGA projects and sub-projects, undertakes reviews of IFC’s and MIGA’s environmental and social compliance, fosters public accountability for their commitments, and enhances the environmental and social performance of IFC and MIGA.

Independent of IFC and MIGA management and reporting directly to the IFC and MIGA Boards of Executive Directors, CAO helps resolve issues raised about the environmental and social impacts of projects through a neutral, collaborative, problem-solving approach via its Dispute Resolution function. It also reviews IFC’s and MIGA’s compliance with environmental and social policies, assesses related harm, and recommends remedial actions through its Compliance function. Additionally, CAO provides advice to IFC, MIGA, and their Boards to enhance environmental and social sustainability performance and minimize the risk of harm.

Complaints may relate to environmental and social harm regarding any aspect of the planning, implementation, or impact of a project or sub-project, and can be made by any individual, group, community, entity, or other party affected or likely to be affected by the environmental or social impacts of an IFC- or MIGA-financed business activity.

Complaints can be submitted by any of the following methods:

Online form: available at https://www.cao-ombudsman.org/
Mail/Hand Delivery to: 2121 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA
Voice mail: +1 202 458 1973
Email: cao@worldbankgroup.org
SMS, WhatsApp, Telegram, and Signal: +1 202 650 2627

CAO receives and addresses complaints in accordance with the CAO Policy, which can be accessed at: https://www.cao-ombudsman.org/policies-guidelines.

This Environmental and Social Review Summary (ESRS) is prepared by IFC to disclose its findings and recommendations related to environmental and social considerations regarding potential investments. Its purpose is to enhance the transparency of IFC's activities. For any project documentation or data included or attached herein, whether prepared by the project sponsor or otherwise, authorization has been given for public release by the project sponsor. IFC considers that this ESRS is of adequate quality for release to the public, but has not necessarily independently verified all of the project information therein.
It is distributed in advance of IFC Board of Directors' consideration and may be periodically updated thereafter. Board dates are estimates only and this document should not be construed as presuming the outcome of the Board Directors’ decision. The following ESRS is disclosed in accordance with IFC's Access to Information Policy (AIP).

The map is for illustrative purposes and does not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of the World Bank, concerning the legal status of any country or territory or concerning the delimitation of frontiers or boundaries. Country borders or names do not necessarily reflect the World Bank Group's official position. In some cases, available project location information is limited to the country of the project's activities. Locations are approximate.

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Environmental & Social Review Summary

Project Description

Overview of IFC's Scope of Review

E & S Project Categorization and Applicable Standard

Identified Applicable Performance Standards

Environmental and Social Categorization and Rationale

Environmental and Social Mitigation Measures

Environmental and Social Mitigation Measures

Stakeholder Engagement

Stakeholder Engagement

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