25396 - KESC

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Environmental & Social Review Summary

Project Number

25396

Company Name

K-ELECTRIC LIMITED

Date ESRS Disclosed

Feb 17, 2010

Country

Pakistan

Region

Middle East

Last Updated Date

Jun 3, 2021

Environmental Category

B - Limited

Status

Completed

Previous Events

Approved : Mar 15, 2007
Signed : Mar 22, 2007
Invested : Jul 24, 2007

Sector

Integrated Utilities

Industry

Infrastructure

Department

Gbl Infrastructure & Natural Resources

Project Description

The project is a corporate loan to KESC, an integrated electric utility supplying power to the city of Karachi, to support their three year (July 2006 to June 2009) $935 million capital investment program, which includes:

- 795MW electricity generation capacity expansion at KESC''s existing thermal power stations by adding gas-fired combined cycle power generation units – 220 MW at Korangi Thermal Power Station (TPS) and 575 MW at Bin Qasim TPS,
- rehabilitation of de-rated generation capacity at Bin Qasim TPS and
- rehabilitation of KESC''s existing transmission and distribution (T&D) assets.

IFC is proposing to provide financing of up to US$125 million to support the KESC’s capital investment program.

KESC is engaged in generation, transmission and distribution of electricity in a service area that includes about 6,000 square kilometers and a population of between 12-14 million. The company owns 1,756MW of generation capacity (oil and gas-fired), of which 1,336MW is currently operational. KESC’s transmission network consists of 220kV, 132 kV and 66kV circuits with 51 grid stations, and its distribution network includes 3,800 km of 11kV underground cable, 2,000 km of 11kV overhead cable, 8,000 distribution transformers, and over 10,000 km of 400V distribution lines. The company has about 18,000 staff.

KESC was privatized in December 2005 and is owned 71.5% by KES Power Limited (holding company owned 60% by Al-Jomaih Group and 40% by National Industries Holding), 25.9% by the Government of Pakistan, and the remaining by local investors. Prior to the privatization, due to the lack of investment in both generation and T&D network, KESC’s generation and distribution capacity has not kept pace with demand growth, which has resulted in high level of capacity shortages and network interruptions. Under the new management, the company plans to expand generation capacity by adding clean and more energy efficient gas-fired combined cycle units at existing thermal power stations on a fast track basis and upgrade its T&D system in order to reduce its energy losses. The project is to assist the company to enhance customer service, improve power supply reliability, and strengthen environmental, health and safety management system.

The 220MW Korangi Expansion Project will be implemented at surplus land within the boundary of the existing Korangi Thermal Power Station (KTPS) located in Ibrahim-Haidri Goth, Bin Qasim Town, District Malir, Karachi. KTPS, originally developed with 4 steam power units in 1965-1977 with installed capacity of 382MW, now has 3 units with de-rated maximum capacity of 197MW. The existing units of KTPS are operating on heavy fuel oil and gas with low energy efficiency. The Korangi Expansion Project will help KESC to expedite phase out of the existing units resulting in improvement of environmental performance. The project will have 4 GE LM6000 gas turbines, two of which will be developed as combined cycle configuration whereas the other two will remain as simple cycle. Gas will be supplied by Sui Southern Gas Company Limited (SSGCL) through an existing pipeline system.

The 575MW Bin Qasim Expansion Project will be implemented at surplus land within the existing Bin Qasim Thermal Power Station (BQTPS) located in Port Mohammad Bin Qasim Industrial Estate, Bin Qasim Town, District Malir, Karachi. BQTPS was developed in 1983 to 1997 with six power units with installed capacity of 1,260MW (6 units x 210MW), and operates with de-rated maximum capacity of 1,060MW with heavy fuel oil and gas. The Bin Qasim Expansion Project will use two GE Frame 7FA gas turbines (170.2 MW x 2) and one steam turbines (234.2 MW) with net thermal efficiency of 53%. Gas will be supplied by Sui Southern Gas Company Limited (SSGCL) through an existing pipeline system.

The T&D rehabilitation will include replacement of towers, cables, rehabilitation of transmission lines, installment of new grid stations and construction of new 220kV transmission lines.

Overview of IFC's Scope of Review

IFC’s review of this project consisted of appraising environmental, health and safety and social information submitted by Karachi Electric Supply Corporation Ltd. (KESC or the company), site visits by an IFC environmental specialist to the KESC’s Korangi Thermal Power Station and Bin Qasim Thermal Power Station (in October 2006), and interviews with KESC’s officers in charge of environmental, health and safety, and social management. Key documents reviewed by IFC included the following:

- Social and Environmental Impact Assessment (SEIA), Revised January 2007, 220 MW Korangi Thermal Power Station, Karachi Capacity Enhancement, prepared by ECTECH-Environment Consultants
- Social and Environmental Impact Assessment (SEIA), Revised January 8, 2007, Bin Qasim Thermal Power Station (575MW) Capacity Enhancement Project, prepared by ECTECH-Environment Consultants

E & S Project Categorization and Applicable Standard

Considering the nature of the project and based on the findings of the IFC’s appraisal, the following Performance Standards are applicable to the project:

- PS-1 Social and Environmental Assessment and Management Systems
- PS-2 Labor and Working Conditions
- PS-3 Pollution Prevention and Abatement
- PS-4 Community Health, Safety and Security
- PS-6 Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Natural Resource Management
- PS-8 Cultural Heritage

PS-5 Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement does not apply because of the following:

The 220MW Korangi Expansion and the 575MW Bin Qasim Expansion are planned to be developed within the existing thermal power stations, and therefore, no additional land acquisition is required. The transmission lines to evacuate power to the grid are going to use the existing towers and right-of-ways. The existing gas pipelines connecting to the stations are sufficient for the new units. The Bin Qasim Expansion SEIA describes that one of the alternative sites under consideration is not within the boundary of the existing Bin Qasim Thermal Power Station, but adjacent to it and is owned by Port Qasim Authority. This alternative site is unoccupied and barren; if this site is selected, no resettlement is required.

Most of the T&D rehabilitation projects will be on KESC’s own properties. All other land necessary for the development of new grid stations or transmission lines has been already acquired from the City Government of Karachi. No issues of pending compensation have been identified. Unless development of new transmission lines or grid stations may turn out to require land acquisition, PS-5 will remain inapplicable.

PS-7 Indigenous Peoples does not apply because no indigenous people, as defined for the purpose of IFC Performance Standard 7, were identified within the project affected communities.

The project is expected to improve KESC’s environmental, health and safety and social performance. The generation capacity expansion will be conducted within the existing power stations, requiring no additional land acquisition. The gas-fired combined cycle power generation units are cleaner and more energy efficient than KESC''s existing thermal power generation plants (some of which will be retired as a result of the expansion), and are expected to improve the corporate environmental performance. Considering that the potential adverse impacts can be readily addressed through mitigation measures articulated in the project’s Action Plan, the project has been categorized as B by IFC, in accordance with the IFC’s Policy on Social and Environmental Sustainability.

Environmental and Social Mitigation Measures

KESC has presented plans and relevant information about potential environmental and social issues related to the project – both Generation Expansion and T&D Rehabilitation and how KESC is addressing these issues. The following paragraphs summarize the issues and mitigation in areas covered by IFC Performance Standards on Social and Environmental Sustainability.

PS-1 Social and Environmental Assessment and Management Systems:

Corporate Environmental Management Systems – Since its privatization in December 2005, the Company started actions to strengthen its social and environmental management systems. These actions include establishment of Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) Policy, identification of HSE objectives, establishment of HSE management structure (including appointing the head of HSE Unit), preparation of HSE manuals, formation of Safety Committees, establishing HSE Action Plan, including HSE key performance indicators (KPIs), implementation of adequate HSE training, and implementation of social programs. Tasks ahead are challenging, especially considering that the significant corporate resources will need to be devoted first to restore and improve reliable supply of electricity, but the Company’s commitment in improvement performance in the environmental, health and safety, and social fields is strong.

Generation Expansion Project – KESC plans to add a 220MW gas-fired combined cycle power units at Korangi Thermal Power Station and a 575MW gas-fired combined cycle power units at Bin Qasim Thermal Power Station. An independent environmental consulting company (ECTECH) was retained by KESC to support KESC’s social and environmental assessment in accordance with the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Review of IEE and EIA) Regulations 2000 and the IFC’s Performance Standards on Social and Environmental Sustainability. For both expansion projects, Social and Environmental Impact Assessment (SEIA) reports are being prepared. The latest versions of January 2007 are attached to this ESRS. IFC has advised KESC to supplement some of the assessment areas to further strengthen the quality of assessment, to confirm that the proposed mitigation measures are adequate, and to design more robust and effective Environmental Management Plans. IFC will monitor the progress of the supplement assessment in parallel with processing financing documents.

Communities affected by the Generation Expansion Project – The SEIAs identified that the communities surrounding Korangi Thermal Power Station and some of the communities surrounding Bin Qasim Themral Power Station are characterized as poor. There are high levels of poverty, illiteracy, unemployment, and malnutrition. The SEIAs indicate that KESC is developing a plan to support social programs in the local communities.

Environmental, Health and Safety Performance of Existing Assets – As part of the privatization process, the Company retained ECTECH to conduct an environmental audit for existing thermal power stations. Air emissions, ambient air quality, wastewater discharge, and noise were measured and evaluated against the Pakistan standards (National Environmental Quality Standards – NEQS). Some areas of non-compliance with the NEQS, or of concern, were identified and relevant recommendations were made by ECTECH. These recommendations are summarized in the attached Action Plan, which will be implemented by the Company. Furthermore, the Company is committed to conducting an environmental, health and safety audit for the existing T&D assets to identify areas of non-compliance or of concern and to determine corrective actions. Areas of T&D audit will include Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), asbestos, minimum clearance of high voltage conductors, occupational and public exposure to Electromagnetic Fields. Implementation of this audit and its recommendations is included as one of the tasks in the Action Plan.

PS-2 Labor and Working Conditions:

The Company has over 18,000 employees and there are several labor unions. The Company recognizes the importance of improving the employee / labor relationship. Human Resources Manuals for Officers and Non-Officers, both dated November 2002, as well as Collective Bargaining Agreement dated November 10, 1998 (still valid), provide details on working conditions and terms of employment. The Company informed IFC that no retrenchment of staff is expected in the near future. The Company publishes internal newsletter “Empower” to disseminate information about the gains in performance made after privatization.

The Company’s occupational and public health and safety performance needs to be improved significantly to reach international standards. There are some buildings under the transmission lines, or high voltage areas in grid stations not properly fenced to prevent workers from entering such areas. The Company had 33 fatal accidents of workers in 2001-2006. Due to the improper protection of the T&D assets, as well as the high frequency of electricity thefts, the Company recognizes that fatalities among the general public are also high. Significant improvement in health and safety management, for both workers and the general public, needs to be made. An environmental, health and safety audit for the T&D assets, and the implementation of recommendations, are part of the Company’s Action Plan.

PS-3 Pollution Prevention and Abatement:

Air Emissions – The SEIAs prepared for the 220MW Korangi Expansion Project and the 575MW Bin Qasim Expansion Project describe various pollution mitigation measures planned or proposed and conclude that the projects’ impacts will be minimized to ensure that relevant Pakistan National Environmental Quality Standards are met. The new gas-fired combined cycle units to be added are cleaner than the existing Korangi and Bin Qasim thermal power stations, which are running on either heavy fuel oil or gas. The NOx emissions performance described in the SEIAs are 103 mg/Nm3 – or about 50ppm (assumed at 15%O2) with water injection NOx control measure for Korangi Expansion, and 9 ppm (assumed at 15%O2) with Dry Low NOx Combustor for Bin Qasim Expansion, both in compliance with the current World Bank Group NOx emission guideline of 125 mg/Nm3 (about 61ppm, at 15%O2). The proposed stack heights are 30m for Korangi Expansion, and 46 m (150ft) for Bin Qasim Expansion. The SEIAs conclude that the expansion projects would not effect the environment to the extent that it would cross the allowable Pakistan National Environmental Quality Standards for ambient NO2 which is 100 microgram per cubic meters.

Thermal Discharge – Both expansion projects are proposed to use once-through cooling system, discharging thermal effluent to the marine environment. The shoreline where the Korangi Thermal Power Station is located is inhabited by villages of local fishermen. In the vicinity of both Korangi and Bin Qasim Thermal Power Stations, the SEIAs identified mangrove forests. The SEIAs conducted thermal discharge impact assessments and conclude that the effect of thermal discharge from the project is diminished within a distance of 580m from the point of discharge (Korangi Expansion) and the rise in the temperature of the recipient sea water after mixing with the discharge water will be negligibly small and restricted to very small area (Bin Qasim Expansion). The condensers are designed for maximum temperature rise of 8 Celsius (Korangi Expansion) and 7 Celsius (Bin Qasim Expansion), whereas the actual rise in incoming and outgoing seawater is not expected to increase above 3 Celsius.

Impacts on entrainment / impingement of marine organisms –The cooling intake structure of the new units will be designed to have the through slot velocities of the screen below 0.5 feet per second to minimize entrainment and impingement of marine organisms.

Noise – At Korangi, some project affected communities are close to the plant ranging 0.05km to 8km, whereas at Bin Qasim, the the project affected communities are in the range of 8 to 16 km from the plant. Although there are some communities near Korangi, the noise levels from the expansion project and the existing thermal power plants combined are expected to be within the World Bank limits for residential and industrial receptors.

Water Usage – At Korangi expansion, water injection to reduce NOx emissions requires 208 liter per minute on gas fuel, and 295 liter per minute on backup liquid fuel. Total intake of seawater is expected to be 21,000 m3 per hour, out of which 16,000 m3 per hour will be used for the steam condenser. Remaining seawater will be used for RO Desalination Plant and Electro-Chlorination Unit. The desalinated water will be further treated in a demineralization plant to supply make-up water for Heat Recovery Steam Generator and other use. The Bin Qasim SEIA also describes desalination of seawater with subsequent demineralization will be used.

Wastewater Treatment – The regeneration effluents of the deminaralization plant will be neutralized before it is discharged into the sea. Mitigation measures specified in the SEIAs include wastewater treatment to be carried out continuously and monitored before mixing with return seawater. Sanitary wastewater will be discharged to the existing Karachi Water and Sewerage Board system at Korangi and to the existing Port Mohammad Bin Qasim Sewerage system at Bin Qasim.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions – In 2006, KESC’s GHG emissions performance is estimated to have been 730 tCO2/GWh, assuming that 9,130 GWh of electricity was produced with consumption of 83 million MMBtu of gas and 21 million MMBTu of heavy fuel oil. The CO2 emissions performance of the new gas-fired combined cycle power units is estimated to be 380 tCO2/GWh assuming 53% LHV thermal efficiency, in the case of Bin Qasim Expansion project. The overall GHG emissions performance of KESC is expected to be significantly improved, not only through improvement in the generation side, but also in the transmission side due to expected improvement of technical loss by the project.

Environmental Management Plan – Both SEIAs proposed Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for both construction and operational phases. The Action Plan being agreed with KESC will include finalizing the EMP with more specific information and its implementation.

PS-4 Community Health, Safety and Security

The SEIAs identified 12 communities (0.05 to 8 km from the Korangi TPS) and 8 communities (8 to 16 km from the Bin Qasim TPS). These communities have a positive view of the generation expansion project, but they have concerns about job opportunities, marine life, coastal life and livelihood of fishermen. The SEIAs proposed both Environmental Management Plans and Social Management Plans with actions to minimize the potential for community exposure to hazardous materials. SEIAs describe that KESC has initiated the development of a plan to support community development initiatives.

PS-6 Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Natural Resource management

There are mangrove forests in the vicinity of KTPS, along the Korangi Creek. KTPS is at the mouth of the Korangi Creek, adjacent to a fish harbor in the Korangi Industrial Area. The mangrove forests were declared as protected forests under Forest Act 1927, and all the trees in the mangroves were declared as reserved trees. The mangrove forests are being degraded due to reduced flow of sweat water, navigational activities, industrial effluents, wood and fodder harvesting, over fishing, etc., resulting in the reduction of fish and birds resources. Turtles are present in the creek waters and a scheme has been launched by World Wildlife fund and Sindh Government for their conservation. There are no fishermen in the project affected communities of Bin Qasim TPS, but there is the existence and declining trend of mangroves in the project’s area of influence. The SEIAs, based on their assessment of impacts, conclude that the generation expansion projects will not significantly affect the surrounding fauna and flora including mangroves. IFC has suggested KESC to supplement SEIAs with more quantitative assessment (e.g. thermal discharge impacts on the mangroves in the area).

PS-8 Cultural Heritage

Karachi is rich in cultural heritage. After the privatization, the Company handled some of the cultural heritage related issues, and now recognizes the importance of introducing cultural heritage policies / procedures as part of KESC’s next set of activities. The SEIA for Korangi suggests that there has been an issue of the protection of sacred grave at Korangi, but due to the change in site location of the Korangi expansion project, IFC understands that the sacred grave will not be affected by the Korangi Expansion project.

Stakeholder Engagement

Under the new management, the company has strengthened customer relations through public campaigns. Newspaper advertisements are now used to enhance awareness of the need to fight electricity theft, and of the challenging tasks facing KESC to restore reliable supply of electricity. Public campaigns are also used to inform public about the electricity supply situation and load shedding, and need for safety considerations. In addition, a regular newsletter called “Connection” was started as a tool to convey messages from the company.

As part of preparing for the development of the two generation expansion projects, the company retained an independent environmental consulting firm (ECTECH) to assist KESC to carry out consultations with project affected communities about the projects and their potential impacts. Initial consultations were carried out in October 2006 for the Korangi Expansion and in November 2006 for the Bin Qasim Expansion. The SEIAs conclude that consulted communities favor the expansion projects, but also identified various concerns and expectations of the communities, and proposed Social Management Plan in the SEIAs. The company is committed to implementing those. The company will develop a social program for the neighboring communities.

Public consultation is being conducted by the public relations officers of KESC to ensure that project affected communities are kept informed about the project status. The SEIAs prepared are going to be submitted to the Sindh Environmental Protection Agency, and additional public participation activities will be carried out in accordance with the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Review of IEE and EIA) Regulations 2000. As part of these, the SEIAs are being disclosed locally in the project affected communities, as well as KESC’s corporate website (http://www.kesc.com.pk/).

The following two SEIAs, as received by KESC, are attached to this ESRS, as well as the Action Plan agreed between KESC and IFC. IFC has advised KESC to supplement the SEIAs with further clarifications (e.g. presentation of the assessed impacts in a more convincing way for thermal discharge using isothermal contour lines, presentation of the analysis of cumulative air quality impacts with clear assumptions, clarification of proposed Environmental Management Plan and Social Management Plan with more concrete specifications). When updated documents become available, they will be disclosed.

- Social and Environmental Impact Assessment (SEIA), Revised January 2007, 220 MW Korangi Thermal Power Station, Karachi Capacity Enhancement, prepared by ECTECH-Environment Consultants
- Social and Environmental Impact Assessment (SEIA), Revised January 8, 2007, Bin Qasim Thermal Power Station (575MW) Capacity Enhancement Project, prepared by ECTECH-Environment Consultants
- Action Plan by Karachi Electric Supply Corporation Ltd. (KESC) – Environmental and Social Aspects –, dated January 30, 2007

Contact details of KESC on the SEIAs:

Chander Perkash Keswani
Head, Occupational Health, Safety and Environment
Karachi Electric Supply Corporation Ltd.
State Life Building No. 11
Abdullah Haroon Road, Karachi
Tel: 92-21-509-0094
Email: chander.perkash@kesc.com.pk

In October 2009, KESC prepared a revised Action Plan dated October 2, 2009, based on the KESC’s updated implementation status of the previously identified actions. This revised Action Plan, dated October 2, 2009, was reviewed and agreed by IFC, and is attached to the revised ESRS.

Updated attachment :
- Action Plan by Karachi Electric Supply Company (KESC) – Environmental and Social Aspects –, Revised October 2, 2009

Client Documentation

File Name	Actions
KESC Action Plan January 30 2007.pdf
KESC Revised E&S Action Plan Oct 2 2009.pdf

**Information on IFC's Policy and Performance Standards on Environmental and Social Sustainability can be found at www.ifc.org/sustainability

IFC supports its clients in addressing environmental and social issues arising from their business activities by requiring its real sector clients to set up and administer appropriate grievance mechanisms and/or procedures to address complaints from Affected Communities in relation to environmental and social issues arising from IFC's clients' business activities. Since 2012, IFC's Financial Intermediary clients applying the Performance Standards are required to develop External Communications Mechanisms to receive and review inquiries or complaints from any interested party regarding the E&S risks and impacts of their operations.

For IFC projects that are active or under consideration, individual(s), or their authorized representative(s), who allege they have been or will be adversely affected by E&S risks or impacts arising from IFC's clients' business activities, may submit a complaint to IFC directly for consideration. When receiving an E&S complaint, IFC engages with complainants and works with its clients to find solutions to E&S concerns as quickly and efficiently as possible.

Complaints can be submitted to IFC online at www.ifc.org/escomplaints or by email to EScomplaints@ifc.org.

IFC complaint response is separate from and complementary to IFC’s clients’ project level grievance mechanisms and IFC’s Independent Accountability Mechanism (CAO). Lodging a complaint directly with IFC does not, at any time, restrict access to CAO.

Affected communities have unrestricted access to the Compliance Advisor Ombudsman (CAO), the independent accountability mechanism for IFC and MIGA. CAO facilitates the resolution of complaints related to IFC and MIGA projects and sub-projects, undertakes reviews of IFC’s and MIGA’s environmental and social compliance, fosters public accountability for their commitments, and enhances the environmental and social performance of IFC and MIGA.

Independent of IFC and MIGA management and reporting directly to the IFC and MIGA Boards of Executive Directors, CAO helps resolve issues raised about the environmental and social impacts of projects through a neutral, collaborative, problem-solving approach via its Dispute Resolution function. It also reviews IFC’s and MIGA’s compliance with environmental and social policies, assesses related harm, and recommends remedial actions through its Compliance function. Additionally, CAO provides advice to IFC, MIGA, and their Boards to enhance environmental and social sustainability performance and minimize the risk of harm.

Complaints may relate to environmental and social harm regarding any aspect of the planning, implementation, or impact of a project or sub-project, and can be made by any individual, group, community, entity, or other party affected or likely to be affected by the environmental or social impacts of an IFC- or MIGA-financed business activity.

Complaints can be submitted by any of the following methods:

Online form: available at https://www.cao-ombudsman.org/
Mail/Hand Delivery to: 2121 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA
Voice mail: +1 202 458 1973
Email: cao@worldbankgroup.org
SMS, WhatsApp, Telegram, and Signal: +1 202 650 2627

CAO receives and addresses complaints in accordance with the CAO Policy, which can be accessed at: https://www.cao-ombudsman.org/policies-guidelines.

This Environmental and Social Review Summary (ESRS) is prepared by IFC to disclose its findings and recommendations related to environmental and social considerations regarding potential investments. Its purpose is to enhance the transparency of IFC's activities. For any project documentation or data included or attached herein, whether prepared by the project sponsor or otherwise, authorization has been given for public release by the project sponsor. IFC considers that this ESRS is of adequate quality for release to the public, but has not necessarily independently verified all of the project information therein.
It is distributed in advance of IFC Board of Directors' consideration and may be periodically updated thereafter. Board dates are estimates only and this document should not be construed as presuming the outcome of the Board Directors’ decision. The following ESRS is disclosed in accordance with IFC's Access to Information Policy (AIP).

The map is for illustrative purposes and does not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of the World Bank, concerning the legal status of any country or territory or concerning the delimitation of frontiers or boundaries. Country borders or names do not necessarily reflect the World Bank Group's official position. In some cases, available project location information is limited to the country of the project's activities. Locations are approximate.

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Environmental & Social Review Summary

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